Sharing reflections on learning and teaching about Eastern Europe
Decentering the curriculum of Eastern Europe by diversifying primary sources
Bridging academic and public audiences
Amplifying voices, individual experiences, and perspective from below
Creating a collaborative space for learning about history and culture
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Privatization and Economic Transformation in the Post-Soviet Space: The Photo Archive of the Druzhkivka Newspaper Okno, 1990s
The photographs presented here from the archives of the newspaper Okno [literally “window” — tr.note] document the creative work of its editorial staff, who sought to critically reflect on the realities of Ukraine’s economic transformation in the 1990s through artistic and allegorical means. Founded in 1994 by local entrepreneurs, the newspaper positioned itself in opposition to the old communist nomenclature, which still retained control over local government bodies and capitalized on the widespread disappointment and confusion following the collapse of the Soviet Union. The founders of Okno were the insurance company ASKO-Donbas Pivnichny (established in 1991) and its affiliated printing company PrimaPress. The emergence of the paper ended the local authorities’ monopoly over...
Leisure Time of Workers through the Eyes of a Soviet Dissident: Oleksa Tykhyi on Reading Practices
Oleksa Tykhyi (1927–1984) was a rural teacher who worked near the Donbas town of Druzhkivka. In 1956, he was sentenced to seven years in a Mordovian labour camp for criticising the Soviet invasion of Hungary. There, he took part in a rebellion against the prison administration and spent a year in solitary confinement. While in the camp, he met many dissidents, including Levko Lukiyanenko, with whom he became friends. After returning to Ukraine in 1964, Tykhyi was banned from intellectual work and forced to leave teaching, taking up manual labour instead — a common path for Soviet dissidents. Most of his journalistic articles were written during this period: “Reflections on the Ukrainian Language...
“Bringing Education to a Remote Corner”: A Competition Photograph by Marko Zalizniak, 1929
Marko Zalizniak (1893–1982) was a rural amateur photographer best known for his images from the front lines of World War I and for documenting collectivization in the villages of what is now the Pokrovskyi District of Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine. The opening of a primary school in his home in the Romanivskyi khutir in 1927 can be seen as a prologue to his 1929 competition photograph, which will be discussed below. The following year, the residents of the khutir decided to construct a separate school building at their own expense. The new school opened in 1928, timed to coincide with the 11th anniversary of the October Revolution. Soon afterward, the Soviet authorities took the...
Diary of a Respectable Book Enthusiast from Druzhkivka, 1960
“I am a machine doomed to devour books.” —Karl Marx Arkadii Abramov began keeping his diary on 13 March 1960 with a rather ambitious declaration: “Today I began writing a diary-memoir, which I plan to submit to the oblast publishing house” (part of the diary has survived, ending on 4 June 1961, with an additional entry dated 18 May 1962 concerning Nikita Khrushchev’s de-Stalinisation policy.) It is difficult to say today why the author chose to begin with such a peculiar opening. His biography was not especially remarkable. Perhaps the young trade union activist of the militarised security team VOKHR No. 4 in the city of Druzhkivka (then Stalino Oblast of the Ukrainian...
Gender and Power: The Communist Party of Ukraine on Women in Leadership, 1960
The Resolution of the Secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (CPU) “On Serious Shortcomings in the Promotion of Women to Leadership Positions”, dated July 4, 1960, noted a significant gender imbalance in Soviet state administration. The CPU placed the blame for the insufficient presence of women in leadership on party committees and the heads of Soviet and economic governing bodies, who, it stated, “underestimate the full importance of this issue.” In the document, absolute and relative figures were presented together only when describing women’s educational level, whereas in all other cases, the share of women was given only in relative terms. Such manipulation of statistics made it impossible...
Valentyna Shevchenko on Her Leading the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR
Valentyna Shevchenko (1935–2020) worked as a senior pioneer leader and a secondary school teacher, later holding leadership positions in the Komsomol and party bodies of the Ukrainian SSR. She served as Deputy Minister of Education and as head of the Society for Friendship and Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries. During the Perestroika period, she rose to the position of Chairwoman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR. In independent Ukraine, Valentyna Shevchenko led several civic organizations engaged in humanitarian issues. Her memoirs cover the period from her childhood to the first decade of Ukrainian independence, becoming more detailed as they approach the present. She explained that her motivation for...
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