- Title:
Title Pages of Never Published Editions of the DP Journal KHORS, 1945-1951
- Year:
- 1945-1951
- Source:
- Archive of the Research Centre for East European Studies at the University of Bremen (FSO), 01-242 Kostetskyi.
- Original language:
- Ukrainian, German
Related sources:
Testimonies of Ihor Kostetskyi’s Fate under Nazi Rule
Ihor Kostetskyi was just one example of several hundred thousand individuals who were taken by the Nazi Army from occupied eastern European territories and had to work as “Ostarbeiter” in the German war industry. Before the war, Kostetskyi was an intellectual who – though born in Kyiv, Ukraine – had little consciousness of his “Ukrainiennes” before the fall of Carpatho-Ukraine in 1938 and was involved in several cultural, artistic, and creative projects and initiatives. When he was mobilized to the Soviet Red Army at the start of the German invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Kostetskyi was already in the process of changing his Russian-sounding name “Ivan Merzljakov” to his, since then...
Testimonies on the Material Situation of the Culturally Active Ukrainian Diaspora in Germany, 1946-1951
The Ukrainian DP journal KHORS was initially planned to be quarterly. However, the first KHORS edition in 1946 was also the last. These documents provide an insight into the reasons for the non-publishing of further editions and deliver indicators for the material situation of the Ukrainian diaspora in the American occupation zone of Germany in general. A second and third editions of KHORS were seemingly planned shortly after publishing the first edition. The indicator for this thesis is the handwritten list of planned content for these two editions. On the back of this document, it is visible that it was initially an old document of the German Air Force from World War Two....
Principles and Future Aims of the DP Journal KHORS, 1946-1951
The Ukrainian DP journal KHORS was, first and foremost, not a political publication. Published by a small team around the dissident Ihor Kostetskyi, its focus was on arts, culture, and film. In its own statutes, KHORS was not only displayed as a journal. Instead, it should be somewhat of a worldwide movement, that people could join or leave if they wish in the future. The overriding principle is to accept the “primacy of the artistic form,” that art should be created to be art and not for economic, political, or popular reasons. If one does accept this very principle, this core principle, “every artist is allowed to belong to [KHORS] - regardless of...
Reviews of Film Art as an Instrument of Independence by the Ukrainian DP Journal KHORS, 1946-1951
The Ukrainian DP journal "KHORS" was planned as a quarterly on arts and culture, written by a group of editors around Ihor Kostetskyi. Even though a second edition was never published, the editor's notes and pre-written articles, ready to be published in a long-planned second edition, tell a lot about the potential of the project. In the statutes of KHORS, the journal, as well as the attaching, desired worldwide idea, distanced itself heavily from Communism and the Soviet Union. The reason that was provided for this positioning was the Soviet understanding of art and the fact that art had to serve a purpose under Soviet Realism. Such distancing from Soviet influence in world...
Worked on the material:
- Research, comment
- Photos
Archive of the Research Centre for East European Studies at the University of Bremen (FSO)
Comments and discussions
The idea of the Ukrainian DP-creation KHORS as a movement and a journal was kept alive for many years, even though the continuous publishing of the journal, initially planned as a quarterly journal, could never be realized beyond a first edition in 1946. These title pages that were planned to be published provide the observer with a view of the used materials, the methods of designing, and the development of the designs.
Starting in 1945, immediately after the war, the first planned title page was drawn by Halyna Mazepa with simple paint on a piece of cardboard. Though, this title page was never published – the published KHORS edition in 1946 did also come with a title page illustrated by Mazepa, but a different one – it tells about the idea of what KHORS was supposed to be. On this cover, the name of the journal is formed out of wheat grain, the plant that has influenced the fate of Ukrainian lands during its history like no other. This wheat grain-formed lettering is seen to be growing towards the sun, as the antique Slavic God of the sun was named KHORS.
Another title page was for a planned second edition on the culture of Spain long after publishing the first one. Due to the materials collected by Kostetskyi, the planning phase of this edition can be dated back to late 1950 – early 1951. For this edition, it was seemingly planned to use a title page that contained photos of a Spanish church, a cultural dance as well as a bullfight arena. These three pictures were glued onto a thin yellow piece of paper, which was also inscribed with the name of the journal, the information that this is the second edition, and the title “Z duchu ESPANIÏ” (from the spirit of Spain).
The third title page is a result of the journal’s “Dinkelsbühl-period” and can be seen as the closest attempt to publish a second edition. The creation of this edition planned to result in the “Ukrainian-German Almanac,” can be dated back to the second half of 1951. For this edition, simply designed printing plates were used together with calligraphic elements to achieve a higher level of design. The title page for this edition is also drawn on a piece of cardboard.
After all, one can see that the KHORS journals’ (supposed) title pages were designed with a high degree of artistic creativity and a high standard of design, despite the difficult material situation. The KHORS editors stood for their artistic values and tried to display this even on the front matter(s). Especially astonishing is that these high-effort title pages were designed with such a degree of passion even though they were never published. Art was created to be art, not to fit with the masses.