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Ihor Kostetskyi was just one example of several hundred thousand individuals who were taken by the Nazi Army from occupied eastern European territories and had to work as Ostarbeiter in the German war industry. Before the war, Kostetskyi was involved in several cultural, artistic, and creative projects and initiatives. Born in Kyiv, he made little declaration of his Ukrainianness until the fall of Carpathian Ukraine in 1938. When he was mobilized into the Red Army at the start of the German invasion in 1941, he was in the process of changing his real name, Ivan Merzliakov, to the pen name, Ihor Kostetskyi. This is the name he would use in the future. After the German capture of Vinnytsia, Kostetskyi worked as the editor of “Vinnytski Visti,” the German occupation newspaper for the local population.

Kostetskyi’s documents, written immediately after the war, nevertheless showed that he was seemingly not a prisoner of war when he was taken from the city of “Winniza” (the authorities meant the Ukrainian city of Vinnytsia) and arrived in Germany on June 8, 1943. According to the historian Marko Robert Stech, Kostetskyi reported himself for duty to prevent his friend from being taken. Via a transit camp in Soest, he was then taken to Bochum to work as an unskilled laborer in the “Hordel’sche Kruppwerke” metal plant. The working conditions were very difficult, and the number of deaths during such work was extremely high. Kostetskyi nevertheless managed to survive. Most likely, his literary experience came in handy again. The Nazi authorities decided to move him away from the hard labor in the metal plant and instead employ him in the “Vineta Propagandadienste,” first in Berlin, then in the city of Plauen. There he was, according to Stech, in a leading position in charge of publishing the German propaganda newspaper “Dozvillja,” which was to be distributed to the other Ostarbeiter in German forced labor camps and plants. He seemingly stopped working at the Vineta office in Plauen on July 6, 1944. At the end of the war he was in the Bavarian city of Fürth. This prevented him from being forcefully repatriated to the Soviet Union, where he would most likely be imprisoned, deported, or executed because of his sheer service, even though forced, in the apparatus of the German war industry. 

From Fürth, he was sent to the Ukrainian DP camp in Bavaria, and began working on the Ukrainian diaspora magazine KHORS. In the letter below, written by Kostetskyi to the Arolsen Archives in 1965, he asked for official confirmation of his past as a forced laborer, as this could help him in the process of applying for German citizenship.

Title:

Testimonies of Ihor Kostetskyi’s Fate under Nazi Rule

Year:
1946, 1965
Source:
ITS Digital Archive, Arolsen Archives
Original language:
German

Letter from Kostetskyi to the International Tracing Service

Yegor G. Kostetskyi
7052 Schwaikheim/Württ.
Am Mädchenrain 4
-Tel.: Winnenden 51211

                                                                                                                                               June 9, 1965

 

To the
International Tracing Service
3548 Arolsen

 

Dear Sirs, 

From June 1943 to early 1944, I was an Ostarbeiter at the HANNOVER colliery in Bochum-Hordel. I was brought there from Winnitza (then Reichskommissariat Ukraine) via the Soest transit camp. After 22 years of uninterrupted residence in Germany, I am now making preparations for my application for citizenship in Germany, which I am seeking, not least because I have been married to a German citizen for over 10 years. 

I would therefore be very grateful if you could kindly issue and send me a written certificate based on your files stating when and where I was brought to Germany as an Ostarbeiter. 

The documentation there may transcribe my first name as “Igor” or probably as “Ihor,” depending on whether it is pronounced in Russian or Ukrainian. 

I was born on 14 May 1913. 

Please let me know what fees I may send you in advance. 

Should your research take longer, I would be grateful for a brief interim reply. I hope, however, that you will be able to issue me with the certificate without too lengthy an effort. 

Please allow me to enclose a stamped, self-addressed envelope. 

Thank you very much in advance. 

                                                                                    With the highest consideration

                                                                                                            EG Kostetzky

 

In original German 

Eaghor G. Kostetzky
7052 Schwaikheim/Württ.
Am Mädchenrain 4
-Tel.: Winnenden 51211

                                                                                                                                              den 9. Juni 1965

 

An den
Internationalen Suchdienst
3548 Arolsen

Sehr geehrte Herren, 

vom Juni 1943 bis zum Frühjahr 1944 war ich als Ostarbeiter in der Zeche HANNOVER in Bochum-Hordel beschäftigt. Ich wurde aus Winnitza (damaliges Reichskommissariat Ukraine) über das Durchgangslager Soest dorthin gebracht. Nach nunmehr 22-jährigem ununterbrochenem Aufenthalt in Deutschland treffe ich die Vorbereitungen für meine Einbürgerung in Deutschland, die ich nicht zuletzt deswegen anstrebe, weil ich seit über 10 Jahren mit einer deutschen Staatsbürgerin verheiratet bin. 

Ich wäre Ihnen deshalb sehr dankbar, wenn Sie mir freundlicherweise anhand Ihrer Karteien eine schriftliche Bescheinigung darüber ausstellen und senden könnten, daß, wann und wohin ich als Ostarbeiter nach Deutschland gebracht wurde. 

Mein Vorname darf in der dortigen Dokumentation als „Igor“ oder wohl als „Ihor“ transkribiert sein, je nachdem, ob er russisch oder ukrainisch ausgesprochen wird.  

Ich bin am 14. Mai 1913 geboren.

Bitte teilen Sie mir mit, welche Gebühren ich Ihnen im voraus einsenden darf.  

Sollten Ihre Nachforschungen längere Zeit in Anspruch nehmen, so wäre ich für einen kurzen Zwischenbescheid dankbar. Ich möchte jedoch hoffen, daß es Ihnen möglich sein wird, mir die Bescheinigung ohne allzu langwierige Bemühungen auszustellen.  

Ich erlaube mir, zunächst einen frankierten und adressierten Umschlag beizufügen. 

Herzlichen Dank im voraus.  

                                                                                    Mit vorzüglicher Hochachtung

                                                                                                            EG Kostetzky

Related sources:

Documents (3)

Image for Testimonies on the Material Situation of the Culturally Active Ukrainian Diaspora in Germany, 1946-1951
Testimonies on the Material Situation of the Culturally Active Ukrainian Diaspora in Germany, 1946-1951
The Ukrainian DP journal KHORS was initially planned to be quarterly. However, the first KHORS edition in 1946 was also the last. The following documents provide insight into the reasons for the failure to publish subsequent issues and interesting evidence about the financial situation of the Ukrainian diaspora in the American occupation zone in general. The second and third issues of KHORS were planned to be published shortly after the first. A handwritten list of the planned content for these two issues confirms this thesis. It was written in an old document form of the German Air Force from the Second World War. These forms were distributed to the residents of the DP...
Image for Principles and Future Aims of the DP Journal KHORS, 1946-1951
Principles and Future Aims of the DP Journal KHORS, 1946-1951
The Ukrainian DP journal KHORS focused on culture, arts, and cinema. It was published by a small team around the writer Ihor Kostetskyi. In its statutes, KHORS was not only displayed as a journal. Instead, it would be somewhat of a worldwide movement that people could join or leave, as they wish, in the future. The overriding principle was to accept the “primacy of the artistic form,” art for art’s sake. Every artist who shared these postulates was allowed to belong to KHORS “regardless of race, nationality, confessional or political convictions.” Only one group was excluded, the communists because “their ideology does not acknowledge the primacy of form.”  Kostetskyi dreamed that in the...
Image for Reviews of Film Art as an Instrument of Independence by the Ukrainian DP Journal KHORS, 1946-1951
Reviews of Film Art as an Instrument of Independence by the Ukrainian DP Journal KHORS, 1946-1951
The Ukrainian DP journal KHORS was planned as a quarterly about art and culture. It was published by a group of editors headed by writer Ihor Kostetskyi. Although the second issue was never published, the editorial notes and pre-written articles ready for publication in the planned second issue speak a lot about the potential inherent in the project. In its statute, KHORS resolutely distanced itself from communism and the Soviet Union. The reason for this position, among other things, was the Soviet ideologization of art. For Ukrainian DPs in the Western occupation zones of postwar Germany, such criticism was not only commonplace but almost expected. However, KHORS went one step further. One of...
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Images (1)

Image for Title Pages of Never Published Editions of the DP Journal KHORS, 1945-1951
Title Pages of Never Published Editions of the DP Journal KHORS, 1945-1951
The idea of the Ukrainian DP-creation KHORS as a movement and a journal was kept alive for many years, even though the journal’s publication, initially planned as a quarterly, could never be realized beyond a first edition in 1946. The title pages listed here were never published, but they can provide interesting insights into the senses put into KHORS by its creators, its design, and the materials used. In 1945, immediately after the war, Ukrainian artist Halyna Mazepa drew the first cover with simple paint on a piece of cardboard. Its design was intended to reveal the idea of the future edition. The journal’s title is written in wheat, an important symbol in...
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Worked on the material:
Research, comment

Daniel Pruess

Translation from German

Daniel Pruess

Photos

ITS Digital Archive, Arolsen Archives

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